ethics in media

I will be looking into the different ethics that are though about when creating different TV shows and how to ensure that the people involved will be safe and are fit to take part on the shows.
Ethics in the media department is the moral principles that define how a person or a group of people act. Some of the most important ethical constraints that TV producers must take into account are

• Trust
• Liability
• Truth
• Privacy
• Serving the public's interest

The key constraints are very important as without following these it would be extremely difficult to create TV shows.
The ethics behind different styles of TV shows varies depending on the situation. for example with reality TV, you take celebrities or strangers that have never met, you don't know anything about them and don't know how the fame from being on TV will effect them. On shows such as X Factor, I'm a celebrity get me out of here, Big Brother members of the production team must put the participants through a series of tests to find out if they are mentally/physically fit to take part of the show. If you were to just put anyone on the shows without finding out the health of these people the fame could send them spiralling out of control, and in some cases causing them to lead to drug and alcohol abuse or even suicide. As well as the mental health the physical health is also an issue. if you are physically unfit to take part in certain reality shows like I'm a celebrity the shows consists of different tasks that endeavour fitness, being in confined spaces, eating edible creatures and participating in adrenalin challenge that involve being at high heights.
With drama shows it is a different ethical procedure as they are actors fitting a role, but as drama is based on real life, real life situations will become major story lines for example rape, murder, bullying, death. When drama shows are portraying these situations it is extremely important to take into account the people who are viewing the show, being careful not to make the scenes too graphic or revealing too much of what is going on. a lot of soap operas get around this by using the other senses of the audience instead of their eyes. For example in coronation Street there is a storyline which evolved a malicious bullying scene with children, but instead of showing you every detail of what happened they began by showing mild, minor actions, cutting the scene and re-opening after the attack had taken place. As well as this they also revealed a video clip but again the attack wasn't shown but instead the voices on the video were heard which made you realise what happened without actually showing you. It is also important to be caring towards the audience. as the story lines are based on real life situations these cases are more than likely to of happened to a number of the people watching the show at home. a popular way of using ethics in this situation besides not showing the attack them selves is by adding warnings and helplines at the beginning and ends of the shows which gives people the opportunity to talk with someone about what they have went through and if it has affected them or to not watch the show at all.
when members of the public take part on talk shows such as Jerry Springer, Jeremy Kyle and Maury, you must consider that the people on the shows are more than likely to have people living in there area watching or that the content of the shows could damage there life/reputation. Take Jeremy Kyle as an example. The largest reason for people going onto the show is to get paternity test. in these situations many families could be attending the show with full intention that they are 99% certain of who the biological parents are, and on many occasions have been distraught about the outcome. TV producers get through these tough experiences by providing a support team who are there to help you get through the situation. Same with Jerry Springer. it is well known for allowing people to vent there anger issues out by fighting. to ensure that the situation doesn't get out of hand and people are not hurt physically there are security guards present at all times during the show, on stage and off.
Comedy shows are different compared to the rest of the styles of shows. A lot of comedy shows have been caught out on racial, sexist, religious, celebrities and government jokes and sketches which are more than likely to offend members of the public. what a lot of comedy shows do in order to ensure that are not sued for their use of these sketches is by not singling out one person. for example. In family guy it has occurred more times that possible where they have made jokes regarding celebrities, whether that is from cases they have been accused of by paparazzi, there appearance or the private lives. they have made sure that they use a variety of different celebrities to joke about other than just the one.
When creating current affairs TV documentaries there are numerous different ethics that can be used in place of hiding the identity of people. As you are visiting areas where it is almost impossible to get every single persons consent to be shown or a lot of the people don't want to be shown at all. With shows such as Panorama where hidden cameras visit places such as care homes, schools and hospitals to uncover what it is actually like, almost all of the people shown are filmed without consent. to protect the identities of these people the editorial crew can blur out faces, not display names and when people are giving evidence they tend to change their voices. If the identities of these people were not kept hidden depending on the story there lives could become at risk, people may not believe what they are saying or may disagree with there opinions. also if they are employees and it was shown they were giving away information they could loose their jobs. Not only is it a case of hiding the identities of those that need to be, current affairs is hard hitting real life situations and it can tend to effect the audience seeing mental health patients. A procedure that is used often in these cases are help lines and warning signs at the beginning and end of the show, for members of the audience that have issues related to the show they have just watched.

It is extremely important for TV producers to think about the different ethics that need to be put into place when creating any genre of a TV show, if the show was to be aired with no ethics or constraints it could cause havoc within the audience with complaints, protests, banning of the show and suing the producers involved. Some of the guidelines that producers must work towards to ensure that they dont break the law, offend of harm the audience consist of  Harm and offence, fairness, contributors and consent, privacy,children and young people as contributors, religion and much more. each production company has their own set of guidelines here is an example of how many the BBC has.

http://www.bbc.co.uk/editorialguidelines/guidelines/

Each of these guidelines go into detail of the different things to consider. with children and young people as contributors for example. You must make sure that you have consent from parents and or guardians before filming, interviewing or photographing them. the reason for this is because personal issues within the family they may not want their child's images or voice to appear on national television or radio for anyone to see. Another important guideline to follow is harm and offence. In my opinion i believe that this guideline should be set for all productions mainly because there is so much that must go into consideration from sex and nudity to violence, intimidation and humiliation. If you are making a documentary about violence and you are interviewing someone with a violent history or a history of abused you must take into consideration that it is their own personal life that you are filming and showing to people all over the country. you must not lie or give away personal information about their location, age or any of the names involved. this guideline is put in place to protect the identity of the participant.

Legal constraints in the creative media sectors

Through out this blog post i will be looking into the legal side of media. It is extremely important for producers to have an understanding of the legal constraints when working in media because if they are not made aware of these laws they are more than likely to break them which can lead to fines and imprisonment.
There are many laws that must be followed by all media sectors to avoid court and prison sentences.
these laws are, Libel, Obscenity,copyright,privacy and official secrets act.
It is extremely important that producers whether it is producer of film, TV, Newspaper any form of media to follow the legal constraints as if they didn't there production would likely close, they could be issued a prison sentence and fined

When breaking libel law you can be sued for damages if you publish or broadcast things about a person which are untrue and damage their reputations. This law was created to protect individuals or organisations from unwarranted, mistaken or untruthful attacks on their reputation by members or the public or hate fans. The main resource for this law to take place is through social networking sites, mainly twitter. With the ability to speak your mind on the social networking site opinions can be taken into account and out of context. Although if you were to say for example "i cant stand Katy Perry" you would not be breaking laws as it is right to your opinions, but if you were to say "i cant stand Katy perry, ever since she spat on a fan" this accusation could give the singer a false opinion of herself to other people this can lead to the libel law being taken into action. Earlier this year the QI presenter Alan Davies falsely accused Lord McAline over child sex abuse allegations. Davies tweeted to his 450'000 followers "any clues on who the Tory paedophile is?". to later re-tweet a response naming McAlpine. He later tweeted an apology and agreed to pay £15'000 in damages and issued a warning to users of the social media service about being careful with what they say.
The Obscenity law is where something is overly obscene.
         
           "So, obscenity means the use of an offensive word or expression or depicting something vulgar or morally unacceptable. The society is continuously exposed to violence and obscenity in one way or the other. We see violence and obscenity in movies, music videos, news channels, newspapers, novels, comic books, music, etc." - http://andynoronha.wordpress.com/tag/violence-and-obscenity-in-media/

An example of the obscenity law taking place was with the film 'The Davinci Code'. A short while after the Da Vinci code was released in cinemas the producers or the film were taken into investigation as they were breaking the Italian penal code. The broke this as in the film it suggests that Mary Magdalene and Jesus were married with children. this centres the on obscenity on religious grounds. it names 10 people including writer of the book Dan Brown and the director of the film Ron Howard. Another example of the obscenity law taking place is with the gory horror film sequel the human centipede 2.

"Horror movie The Human Centipede 2: Full Sequence has been effectively banned from British shores after the BBFC deemed it “unacceptable material”. The film was submitted for classification but was found to be “sexually violent” and “potentially obscene”.

The original film, directed by Tom Six, saw a mad scientist stitch together victims from 'mouth to anus' creating the 'human centipede' of the title.
Speaking about the first film, BBFC director David Cooke stated, "Although the concept of the film was undoubtedly tasteless and disgusting it was a relatively traditional and conventional horror film and the board concluded that it was not in breach of our guidelines at ‘18’.”
 http://www.nme.com/filmandtv/news/human-centipede-sequel-too-obscene-to-be-re/217692#u876qkFjfTXJIWtS.99

The privacy law occurs when people take information without consent, take photographs of private life without permission. the most well known example of privacy law in action is from the news of the world phone hacking scandal.
"Nine years ago, in March 2002, Amanda “Milly” Dowler (aged 13) was on her way home from school. She was kidnapped and murdered and her body was found in September 2002. In June 2011, Levi Bellfield was convicted of her murder and sentenced to a “whole life” tariff. When Milly went missing, journalists of the News of the World newspaper “hacked” into her voicemail. The fact that this had happened came to public prominence in July 2011 when The Guardian newspaper revealed the story." - http://ukhumanrightsblog.com/2011/09/18/is-the-official-secrets-act-about-to-be-used-to-gag-journalism-obiter-j/

When the news of the world hacked into the missing girls phone it was already breaking the privacy law but to then deleted messages left by worried parents of the girl making room on the already full answering machine and then revealing the story with information that could of only been provided from people first hand with the situation. the result of this hacking taking place led to the closure of the newspaper being closed

The official secrets act is a criminal offence which occurs when you obtain or publish and information from a serving or former member of the security and intelligence services, where the information could be damaging.  An example of the official secrets act taking place is when a foreign office official was charged under the official secrets act after a series of stories appeared in the new statesman and observer. Derek pasquill provided information about suspected terrorists as well as various revelations about government policy towards radical Islam.

http://www.theguardian.com/media/2007/oct/08/pressandpublishing.politicsandthemedia

copyright is the most known law all around the world. copyright happens when you take credit for someone else's work. it has occurred many times by millions of people whether it is known or not. it can occur by taking photos off of Google images and posted them as if they are your own or it can be serious by taking something that was created by someone else and earning money from it.
an example of copyright taking place is the case between Google and Viacom over YouTube. Viacom accused Google of posting videos without permission. Google were accused of unauthorized posting clips from "The Daily Show with Jon Stewart," "South Park," "Sponge Bob Square pants" and other programs that viewers had uploaded to YouTube.

http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/04/18/entertainment-us-google-viacom-idUSBRE93H17S20130418

http://news.cnet.com/8301-31001_3-20008636-261.html

structure and ownership in the creative media sectors

Through out this entry i will be discussing the different structures and ownerships within the media sector. Media is constantly growing and changing and i want to find out why.

Advertising

Without advertising media would most likely fail, with the lack of knowledge about new media industries e.g games, music, films the companies creating these would loose out on profit and could cause themselves to go bust from not selling due to lack of advertising. In the UK alone the advertising industry makes around £6.2 billion annually. The UK is the third biggest advertising sector in the world after the USA and Japan.
 The advertising sector is one of the most diverse sectors that make up the creative industry. There are around 13'000 companies that make up the advertisement side which employ almost 250'000 people in the UK.Their are three main job roles within advertisement in media, these roles consist of Production content, production technical and admin and support roles. The difference between content and technical production roles is that the content role is mainly creating the advertisements being the director as such, along with this it also consists of  account and advertising executive, commissioner and producer. Technical, is the mechanical side of everything, camera, sound, lighting, SFX, printer, engineer and so on.
some of the most well known advertising companies in the UK consist of Mizuno, Marshall Amps, Inchape and more.

Animation 

 In 1600 BC the Egyptian Pharaoh Rameses II built a temple for the goddess Isis, In the temple built up of 110 columns with painted figures of the goddess on each column that progressively changed position to horsemen or charioteer riding past which created the illusion that the images were moving. Ever since then animation has evolved from pictures that gradually change, to stop motion and now the animation of today with things such as Disney pixar movies.(shrek, tangled, brave)
The animation industry in the UK stretches across many of the sectors in the creative media industries. You will find animation on television, in films, adverts, websites and computer or video games. Because the animation sector is increasing everyday it involves a lot of people to help work of every project. Animation companies currently employ around 4,700 people in the UK, nearly two fifths of these employed are freelance or on short term contracts, with almost 20% Sole Traders, or self-employed. 
some animation companies in the UKthat have made well known animation such as Aardman animation, Bolex Brothers, Blue-Zoo, Fine arts films and pixar.

Film

 The film industry or motion picture industry comprises the technological and commercial institutions of film making, for example film production companies, film studios, cinematography. Film making was first seen in 1867 when William Lincoln  patented the oddly named Zoopraxiscope, also known as the “wheel of life”, a machine that let individuals view moving images through a small opening. From then on film making progressed further and further until we got to the high definition of film making that we see in the present day.

The UK's film industry can be broken down into four sectors, production, facilities, distribution and exhibition. It has a total workforce of around 27,800 people. with mainly 62% that are in exhibition, a third 34% in production and the remaining 4% in distribution. Depending on sub-sectors 91% of film production crew are freelancers and just 9% are employees, where all that work in cinema exhibition and film distribution are employees.

 some of the public's favorite films were created within film companies such as dream works, 20th century fox, Metro Goldwyn-mayer animation.

Interactive Media

 Interactive media started in 1980 with such things as Vontech, bearscript, Video work shop and early authoring. Later it began to progress onto things that we know of these days like apple in 1982 as well as CAI formats and computer video tapes.
 The interactive media sector is said to employ around 34,300 people, represents approximately 7% of the total of the Creative Industries workforce.

It is extremely reliant on freelancers and contractors, these are estimated to make up for around one fifth 21% of the workforce.

 some of the companies that make up the interactive media sector consist of related product, supported layers and network related services such as 3, AIME, Com and tel, and daisy communications.

Radio

 The radio industry is made up of three broad categories; Publicly funded radios, commercial radio and the community and voluntary radio sectors. Radio stations are used by students to hospital radios and most recently licensed community radio stations. Over the years radio has been growing at a steady pace and currently employs over 22'000 people, which is more than television. The radio industry has a very skilled and well qualified workforce that is almost two thirds made up of graduates. About a quarter of the workforce is freelance or employed on contracts of less than a year. On average, the radio workforce is older than that of the Creative Media Industries as a whole. About half of the people that work for radio are female. The industry employs a relatively low proportion of people from minority ethnic groups. The BBC is the biggest single employer in the radio industry with almost 11'000 people employed. they are 40 local roadio stations in english regions, six dedicated radion services in the nations (Radio scotland, radio nan gaidheal, radio ulster, radio foyle, radio wales and radio Cymru) as well as this they also have 11 national stations Radios 1,2,3, 1Xtra, 6 music, radio 4, five live sport extra, BBC7 and BBC asian. Commercial broadcasting (private boradcasting) is owned by privately owned corporate media companies. This was the united states first form of radio during the 1920's. Commercial radio's only source of income is through constant advertising, as aposed to Publicly runded radio which gains its profit from governments subsidies and paid advertising. In Europe commercial broadcasting coexists with public broadcasting. Some examples of commercial radio stations in the UK are Absolute radio, Capital FM, TFM and alot more. (http://www.dxradio.co.uk/ukrdscom.php) Voluntary radio stations are usually found in Hospital, as student radio stations and social networking sites. These kinds of radio stations are perfect for work experience and for starting out if your looking for a career working in radio. Some radio stations that are voluntarily run are Apple FM, Bath hospital radio, Radio Heatherwood, BuzzFM, habtips. (http://www.hbauk.co.uk/?page=6&show=Radio)

Television

 Television was not invented by a single inventor, instead many people worked together inventing different things seperatly that eventually lead to the creation of television.  The first production that lead towards the invention of the television was in 1884 when Paul nipkow developed a rotating disc that transmits pictures over wire called the Nipkow disc, later the transparent rods that transmits images for television, Later Charles Jenkins inventor a mechanical television system called radio vision, he claimed to have made the earliest form of television using silhouettes in 1923. Gradually each year someone invented something new that eventually lead to the creation of changeable television in 1948, this lead on to invent color television, cable TV, remote controls, children s programming, plasma and most recently Web TV which came around in 1996.
Television is still one of the most popular forms of entertainment and information, the average viewer still watching twenty hours or more per week. But the rapid growth of the internet and interactive media is competing strongly for audiences and revenues. Independant Television has increased alot since richard branson introduced Virgin media to the world. At the start of satellite TV Sky was the only company you could get satalite TV channel from. today there are many different one such as Virgin media, BT, Freeview, Tevo, Talk Talk.
 Television is now a world wide thing with different companies all over the globe within the UK there are such companies such as Virgin Media, Kingston communications, wightfibre, and small world media.

Publishing

 Publishing is made up of a group of industries such as books, directories and mailing lists, journals, magazines,business media and newspapers. people have been publishing for thousands of years, the first known way of publishing was by neanderthals with there drawings on cave walls. moving onto the egyptians with the hieroglyphics, and eventually to present day with many different kinds of publishing.  http://floatlearning.com/2012/03/a-brief-history-of-publishing/

 The publishing industry emplys aroung 195'000 people, it represents approximately 36% of the creative media work force. more than 51'000 people employed work in newspaper sectors, 50'500 in journals and magazines, 33'000 in the book industry and nearly 12'000 in other services for information activities.

 a few companies that are in the publishing sector include, The Sun, The Daily Mail, Cosmopolitan, Heat, Any Fact/fictional books.

Game

  In 1952 a man called A.S Douglas wrote a PhD degree on human computer interractions, who created the first graphial computer game which was a version of tic-tac-toe or naughts and crosses. In 1958 William Higinbotham created the first video game called "tennis for two"  from then on different people kept creating different games, getting involved in powerful companies and evolving graphics to make present day games like GTA5 and Elder scrolls.

 The games industry comprises around 485 businesses the majority are game developers. Around 35 companies in the industry will be games support companies. The businesses in the gaming industry employ a total of 7'000 people within the UK.

 Some companies within the Gaming industry consist of EA GAMES, Bethesda, activision and many more.

Photography

White lights was first discovered in 1664 but Isaac Newtons, since then people began to discover that with white light is composed of different colours, that it can be darkened when exposed to lights and gradually discovering many of the things modern cameras have built into them. The first advertisement with a photograph taken was in 1843 which was shown in Philadelphia. Photo imaging keeps progressing into something better every year the latest cameras are now fitted with high definition lenses, Digital images, storage devices and much more. The are used in every media industry and plays a very vital role within media.

The photo imaging industry consists of extremely highly skilled and qualified people compared to the entire UK population. 46% of people employed in this industry have a degree with 42% of those having an undergraduate degree or diploma in media related subjects.  This work force tends to be older than the audio visual industries with an average age of 42. It has a low proportion of people for minority ethnic groups compared to local populations. Photography does not only consist of paid photographers it also involved digital graphic designers

 Some companies that are involved in photo imaging are, AOP, BAPLA,Magnum, RPS and many more.

Different sources of income for creative sectors

Each creative sector has similarities and differences for earning income for there business'. Film, radio and television have very similar sources of income which usually comes from Advertisments,Partners, sponsers, tax, investments and franchises.Aswell as the similar sources, Television alone has  Investments, Subscriptions such as Sky+, Television Licence, Product placement, and Companies like ITV. Product placement is a huge source of income within media. Any TV show or film that is about to show footage of product placement displays a small white p with a black ring around it somewhere on the start up page. Film also has different means of income to help fund and make money from multi million films. The selling of the films them selves make up quite abit of the income but buying rentals or DVDs and paying to see the film in the cinema arnt the only ways film make money they can also gain money from the recently popular film subscriptions like Lovefilm and netflix, downloads, merchandise, box offices and more. Film and TV arnt the only sectors in media, radio and game are also extremly popular and they also have there own ways of gaining sources of income. Radio has been going down hill recently due to interactive media becoming more popular but they are still going on strong due to there funds from competitions, Listeners phoning in and wanting to talk.Podcasts are relitivly new to radio but again create income through there subscriptions, apps from Apple and android and ITunes. The game industry is no different to the rest, they also depend on advertisments, sponsership, partners, and franchises, but not alone like film they also earn income through merchandise and downloads the very popular steam website used for downloading and buying computer games and again the actual selling of the product in game shops, Supermarkers and Online stores such as Amazon and EBay.

The difference between public and private ownership.

An examples of public owner ship is the BBC. The BBC is a television company that is made for the public, funded by the public and you have to fund it by law. The way the BBC gains there money to fund the company is through the television licence. Anyone who wishes to watch TV wether it is on your laptop a portable decided, DVD's or anything at all you need to pay for a TV licence. For a full year of coloured television it costs the household £145.50 if you wish you only view black and white programmes it only costs £49. Some people are entitled to have a reduced fee of there television licence payment wether it is for coloured or black and white footage, this is if you are 74+ years of age, living in a care home or residents home and if you are registered as blind. If you decided to not pay for your television licence by law you can be prosecuted and fined up to £1000 if you live in gurnsey the fine tends to be £500-£2000 depending on the length of not owning a licence. Some people have found ways around not owning a TV licence as if you only watch catch up TV (ITVPlayer/4oD/BBCIplayer) then you do not NEED to own a licence but anything other than that (anything streamed live) you need a licence.
A private ownership is the complete oposite where income in public is shared out between multiple companies what ever income you make is yours and yours alone. If you have people working for you of course you need to by law pay them there wage but what ever is left over after pay what you need to is yours and that is how private ownership is so powerful, there money.  When you open up a privatly owned business your main purpose is to make income. The biggest examples of people who have privatly owned business' are Ruper Murdoch and Richard Branson. These two men started out small, Murdoch started out with one news paper which became popular made him more money so he bought more and more, after newspapers he started buying into Television companies and Interactive media till eventually he owned most of the UK's media sources. Richard Branson again like Murdoch started out with a small investment of a company called Virgin Media. This began with Television company when that became popular he increased his company and bought many different sectors, Virgin airways, Virgin boradband, and virgin mobile.   http://www.virginmedia.com/

What is conglomerate?

"Conglomerate- a group of diverse companies under common ownership and run as a single organization" - http://quizlet.com/dictionary/media-conglomeration/
 

 

Media conglomerate is when a large companies buys into a number of smaller companies to create a huge company that is known worldwide. The main key words you need to know what talking about conflomerate or any kind of owner ship within the media sectors are
Globalisation- The Process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange.
Merger- This occurs when two companies combine into a single entity. for example TFM radio and Metro radio.
Takeover- This occurs when one company acquires control of another company.
Vertical Intergration- When a company expand its business into areas that are at different points of the same production path.
Horizontal Integration- When a company expands its business into different products that are similar to current lines.

 

The merger between TFM and Metro radio happened in April of 2013. These two radio companies are owned by north east radio and both station play for a similar audience. The company decided that it was costing far to much money to run two station 1 based in Teesside and one based in Newcastle so they decided to merge the two together. unfortunately most employees at the TFM station were made redundant including the presenters Wayne Tunnicliffe and Amy McConnell. there are still two journalist in the Teesside area that report any news to the Newcastle station which is now presented by Metro radio presenters Steve Furnell and Karen Wright. In the long run this merger seems to of been for good causes with the listeners from both stations joined together to create a larger audience number.

Comglomerate mergers can happen over various purposes. Including extending companies and product range one examples of a conglomerate merger is the merger between Walt Disney and the American braodcasting company.  (http://www.nytimes.com/1995/08/01/business/media-business-merger-walt-disney-acquire-abc-19-billion-deal-build-giant-for.html?pagewanted=all&src=pm)

The worlds largest conglomerate companies are those such as Walt Disney, CBS and Comcast.
Walt Disney which has a revenue of $42 billion and profits over $5.5 million shares with other big companies such as ABC, Walt Disney pictures, Pixar, and ESPN. with these shares this means that what ever profit is made within the company have to be shared amongst all who have been apart. Disney bought ownership over Marvel comics which put the company head to head against Time Warner in the battle of super heros. The avengers in 2012 grossed over $1 billion in box office. Aswell as this successful share Disney also have a 50% stake in the A&E Networks.

The CBS company came around after leaving Viacom in 2006 to create there own company. CBS mainly control network television and radio broadcasting with the most watched network under their name. The corporation has been able to generate over $14 billion in revenue and $1.3 in profit. They own 50% stake in the CW network which is shared with Time Warner. Aswell as owning this stake CBS also have full ownership over CBS radio, and Simon & Schuster (publishers), They also own there own sports network.

Comcast is the 'top dog' when it comes to media conflomerate as of 2013. it is the only company to reach over $6 billion in profit with nearly 50% more revenue than competitor Walt Disney. in 2012 they earned $62.5 billion. The company received the biggest boost in rising to No1 by taking over NBC Universal in 2010. This gave them a significant advantage over Disney who still have not increased there own cable news network ABC to a level it can compete with comcasts MSNBC.
Like Time Warner Comcast is another competitor of Disney with there movie and theme park with Universal Studios. Comcast  will add significant assets to the NBC sports division when it begins broadcasting Barclays Premier League matches live in august which they have secured with a three year $240 million offer.

Rupert Murdoch is a man that has a lot of power within the media industry. Starting out owning one newspaper company in Austrailia which was passed down to him from his father. Over the years Murdoch has gained more and more power inside of the media industry. In 2012 the News of the world newspaper was found to be hacking into peoples phones in order to uncover information that no body else could recive. when a missing girls phone was hacked and messages were deleted from the voice mail people decided enough was enough, the paper was put down and the people envolved were charged.